It means you remove the drive from the present computer and install it into another computer.
From the second computer which runs as Master you can access and backup data on the slave drive.
You can also use an USB external enclosure to achieve the same results without having to open the second computer.
Then put the drive back in the present computer and run a Repair Install.
Again if your data is not Critical there is a very good chance that a Repair Install will retain your data.
The question is how valuable the data and what risk you are comfortable with.
Again I've never lost anything via a Repair Install. But maybe I'm just
lucky.